Oct 31, 2023 | Leadership, Stewardship, Uncategorized
The privilege of trust is the opportunity to empower others.
The privilege of trust is to recognise that leadership is inherently temporary and carries a specific responsibility to do no harm.
The privilege of trust is to recognise the vulnerability of others and see it as an opportunity to encourage not to exploit.
The privilege of trust is to elevate the needs of the many above the ambition of the few.
(Paul Gilbert, https://www.lbcwisecounsel.com/resources/articles/article/the-privilege-of-trust/)
I wanted to begin this post with a quote that spoke to my feelings about our fourth Intersticia Retreat which we held in early September 2023 at the beautiful Darwin Lake Holiday Village. Eighteen members of our Intersticia community, plus Nancy the wonder-dog, came together amidst British Rail strikes, delayed flights and in to THE most glorious English Autumn weather, a symbol in itself of one of the global challenges we all face.
This fully face-to-face opportunity has been a long time coming and much has happened in the six weeks since we met which is having a direct impact on many members of our community.
As we entered the interstice of our Retreat every one of us came with our own expectations and hopes for the week – suffice to say that one thing about our community is that one never knows what will emerge and whatever our initial plans the group will always take things in unexpected and creative new directions!
The general plan was to craft a mix of learning within all the various ‘spaces’ through the combination of different groupings and conversations. For the ‘formal’ we planned for a combination of content and discussion complemented by work in both plenary and small groups; for the ‘informal’ our objective was to use the small groups of each cottage to collaborate around the task of catering; for the broader environmental context we planned for long walks and the opportunity to reflect in the beauty of the Peak District. Needless to say things never go according to plan!
It became apparent from the first day that our group of curious, highly intelligent, generous and fearless young people were wanting to contribute as much as they could to the learning of others and to the interrogation of any and all topics of concern. As the week progressed ach and every member contributed to what our shared space became with each session stretching through questions and discussion and the intersticial space between their professional and career aspirations and their personal ambitions and challenges opening up.
This is precisely what we have been hoping to achieve and create for our community and the most wonderful thing to observe was that there was a safe and supportive haven where each individual could experiment, explore and push the boundaries of their own personal development in concert with that of their colleagues.
Whilst we didn’t go on as many, or as long, walks and explorations as we had hoped we did explore together some of the elements that Stewards of Humanity for the 21st Century will need to become proficient with in order to have any measure of impact or success, and our hope has always been to be able to draw on our own community for expertise in this. Our 2023 Retreat demonstrated this very powerfully with all of the content sessions being delivered by members of our community.
The container of the Retreat itself was held very powerfully by Sam Crock and Marianne Darre who worked tirelessly to craft and recraft the agenda as each day reformulated itself. Our walking was continuously reformatted by Louise Sibley who creatively presented different options based on weather, timing and everyone’s energy, whilst Dan Sofer found innovative ways for his Small Group to meet embracing the natural environment.
One of the key areas we explored was that of Voice and how to express oneself and in this we were ably led by Jess Chambers who brought her vast knowledge and experience to get everyone thinking about how we all communicate.
In life we have enough breath to speak our thoughts.
This was beautifully complemented by Dr Marco Valerio who brought us the work of his PhD on The Placebo Effect and Somatics which enabled everyone to begin to more fully understand the power of mind-body connection and the impact it has on how we are perceived and how we interpret the world around us. For me the poignancy of this was the importance of appreciating and understanding that whilst we are hurtling towards an AI driven world we do live in the physical space – the interstice between the analogue and the digital.
Dr Philip Hayton gave this context by introducing the concept of VUCA, first described by the US Army War College in 1987 to describe a complex, multilateral world perceived to have emerged after the end of the Cold War.
Philip built on Marco’s work by presenting this as the challenge that we all need to develop skills to cope with, and referred in particular to Polyvagal Theory and the need to understand, proactively work with, and continually recognise the power of our innate biological nervous systems in how we react to the environment around us.
The complexity of living in such an environment is something that challenges us all, and as humanity struggles to manage the convergence of multiple issues including the intensity of climate change, the increasing development of artificial intelligence, the rise of inequality, the increasing humanitarian needs as the result of conflict, (see the UN Foundation and my own questions to Pi). As the current commotion around AI intensifies – it is estimated that some half a trillion US dollars is being invested in it’s development – the reality is that the only way to even begin to address these is to invest in people.
As we have always stated, however, we need Analogue Leadership in a Digital World and therefore, as much as we need to understand our biological selves we also need to learn to understand the technologies which are evolving. This is where Dr Ardavan Afshar‘s presentation on Machine Intelligence was so important, and stimulated a very long and detailed conversation around its role and place within our societal systems.
For every dollar we invest in Artificial Intelligence we need to invest in human minds, in human beings. (Yuval Noah Harari, interview with Zanny Minton Beddoes and Mustafa Suleyman – The Economist)
As is so often the case we could have included so much more drawing on the work of our Fellows and this is now one of our key challenges as the expertise within our community continues to grow and develop. But it presents us with an exciting challenge – to craft a programme for each of our Fellows helping them to learn individually but also for them to teach the rest of us and grow the knowledge base of Intersticia itself.
This is the challenge that John O’Neil gave us when we began Intersticia many years ago, and it is incredibly rewarding to feel that we are beginning to achieve some small success even though we have a long way to go.
Our 2023 Intersticia Workspace at Darwin Lake, Matlock
Small Group Work
I would like to thank each and every one of our Fellows who participated and contributed, but in particular I’d like to give a huge thanks to our Elders – Sam Crock, Marianne Darre, Louise Sibley, Dan Sofer and Philip Hayton – who so selflessly and generously gave their time, insights, knowledge and wisdom to everyone in our community. It was also wonderful to have Ed Saperia join us which meant that all of our key partners were with us.
Intersticia has now been slowly crafting our community for the past decade and bit by bit bringing people together whom we feel share our values, ambitions and hopes for the future of humanity (I presented a video telling the story of our first decade which can be viewed with permission only). This 2023 Retreat nudged this just a bit further forward but with it raised the bar of what I believe we can, and should, aim to achieve.
A cohort of authentic, courageous, dedicated, humble, curious and yet gracious people who will each take the challenge of creating a better world.
Our work is just beginning.
Oct 22, 2022 | Uncategorized
Rathauspark, Wien. The path guiding people through the park framed with wooden benches.
In 2019 Hannes Werthner and a raft of his academic colleagues crafted their Digital Humanism Manifesto.
This Manifesto has helped shape the week-long Summer School held in Vienna organised by the Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technical University Wien, the Digital Enlightenment Forum and the Digital Humanism Initiative.
Two key statements in the Manifesto stand out:
- Today, we experience the co-evolution of technology and humankind
- We must shape technologies in accordance with human values and needs, instead of allowing technologies to shape humans
Digital Humanism has an academic focus and quite specifically states that:
- Universities have a special responsibility and have to be aware of that.
- Academic and industrial researchers must engage openly with wider society and reflect upon their approaches.
- Practitioners everywhere ought to acknowledge their shared responsibility for the impact of technologies.
As with Web Science and so much of the enquiry in to the digital realm Digital Humanism places the responsibility for shaping the future of the digital realm largely on the world of research. However, this is only a part, and it is these aspirations which drive the broader work that we do through Web Science, Intersticia and Brave Conversations.
The first Digital Humanism Summer School was held in September 2022 at the TUWien and, through the very kind invitation of my fellow Web Science Trustee George Metakides, I was invited to join the group of some 65 participants from 22 countries who were mainly young researchers from computer science and anciliary disciplines. There were 24 lectures covering everything from Participation and Democracy, Digital Colonialism, the future of Work and Finance, to Ethics, AI and Robotics – see the programme here.
These embody the essence of what has driven much of the work I have done since the 1990s when through GAMAA (the Graphic Arts Merchants’ Association of Australia) and Print21 (the Australian Printing Industries Action Agenda) we began to explore the impact of digital technologies on how work is done, how people learn and how societies function as influenced through the world of printing and publishing.
In his opening talk on Digital Democracy George Metakides highlighted the fragility of the democratic systems in the world around us, and explored the nexus between power and politics particular as it is now manifesting online and resulting in an unprecedented concentration of influence and surveillance with attendant socio-political results.
Apart from the sheer breadth of topics covered in the programme and the excellent quality of speaker the Summer School was thought provoking in precisely the same way that we hope Brave Conversations is posing questions which force participants to identify and understand their values and how these are both influencing their use of technology but also shaping it. One thing that is abundantly clear is that words such as ‘freedom’ and ‘autonomy’ are totally value-laden and therefore how do different people think about what sort of world they want to shape (East and West think differently https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20170118-how-east-and-west-think-in-profoundly-different-ways). This is precisely the conversation that Wendy Hall raises whenever she talks about her Four Internets.
As I sat in the room listening and considering my own journey over the past thirty years I realised just how important it is that the voices of people who have shaped and lived through the profound changes we have gone through as our information has become digitised and our societies digitalised be heard, and heard clearly. This is one of the foci I use in all of my talks when I walk people through the history of information technologies and the symbiotic nature of us and the machines we build.
We shape our technologies and our technologies shape us. (Marshall McLuhan)
Given the success of this first Summer School there will definitely be a second one in 2023 and it will be interesting to see how Hannes and his team build on these very strong foundations.
For me personally I am looking forward to becoming much more involved through the Digital Enlightenment Forum (https://www.digitalenlightenment.org/) of which I was a member when it first started and have been invited to work with much more closely.
“Enlightenment” is a loaded word and one I will be exploring more in a later post but needless to say that shining the light on our current state and more fully understanding exactly what it is and how it manifests is probably the most important work of humanity in the 21st Century as we co-create the future with our smart machines.
Jul 21, 2021 | Uncategorized
Written by Louise Sibley, Intersticia UK Director
We arrived for the retreat a raggle-taggle bunch of Fellows, Founders & Coders, advisers, directors, siblings and partners, spread across 3-4 generations, not sure what we were going to do and (some) even why we were there, beyond being together.
Yet in the course of a short weekend – a few short hours for the online community – we allowed a strong community to emerge with a common path of travel. The purpose of this reflection is to explore how that happens.
The group in Devon was self-selected and, on the face of it, an oddball gathering with membership of the Intersticia community and being in the UK all we had in common. Covid and vital commitments meant many were absent, including the Intersticia Fellows around the world. All would have been invited to this gathering, and several of whom joined us online for a few short hours – but absence rather than presence was dominant at first. Even programme organisers Anni and Sam (Crock) were locked up on the other side of the world and nine hours away by the clock.
Often when a group of disparate people in a very loose organisational framework without shared purpose come together, the success or failure of the gathering is attributable to the organisers’ preparation, to clarity of objectives, a formal agenda (to manage expectations) and stated desired outcomes to be met or missed. In our case, preparation had indeed been done, and there was an objective – to reconnect the community – but agenda and outcomes were absent – an unusual experience for someone like me with a formal education and 40 years of corporate conditioning. Despite the absences of people and formality, value and promise emerged.
Anni and Sam organise Intersticia to connect and support potential and emerging leaders in any discipline from any country. The community is small and the members are personally chosen one at a time. The formal side is financial – an individual grant from the Foundation or a funding for programme such as Founders and Coders – but beyond the formal process there is an ethos which drives the choice of individuals and programmes. This is not about the eventual success of the beneficiaries in conventional or monetary terms. The connective tissue is ethical and an idea that people from any field, brought together and supported, can help look after each other, and so – by extension – care for the world, and act as its stewards, whichever part they find themselves in.
There is both content and process involved but Intersticia is informed by ideas that have emerged from the Tavistock Institute, specifically the Leicester Conference and group relations. At some point of personal readiness, Intersticia’s Fellows are invited to attend the Leicester Conference or one of its country spin-offs. Anyone reading this who has, will understand. It is nearly impossible to describe if you have not.
So this weekend in the lovely surroundings of the Dartington Hall Estate – itself home since the 1920s to an ‘alternative’ community of artists, musicians and ecologists – I got to see what the result of a community run along Tavistock lines can look like.
The first principle is that if you give a group the twin boundaries of a space and a time, and hold those boundaries in place, something will emerge that is unique to those people present and change (unspecified) will result. This is a matter of trust. The selection of different generations to be present is deliberate. There is no hierarchy – equal citizenship is understood – but the senior members of the group seem to ‘hold’ the space, their experience is felt in the unconscious.
Within the group, no person was called on to contribute ‘expertise’ or ‘knowledge’ (unless asked) but the different potential contributions were felt and came forward as they needed to.
Next, there is the designing of a framework (or preparation) which will allow people to explore. This seems to me to be an art form. It spans both the formal ‘time’ and the leisure time. So we had two online meetings with time for group discussion and 1/1s. Carefully expressed questions (about the Gift and the Wish for each of us) expanded into personal discussions during which we self-examined and listened. Our pairs were carefully selected so that a match between a present member and an online member were made. This was spatial design, not random. For those of us at Dartington, three meals were taken together as part of the programme (the traditional breaking of bread with others, as old as Genesis) and informal gatherings grew out of those.
Finally, allowing the random or unexpected to take on meaning. We took advantage of an opportunity that was ‘presented’ by the fact of being under the wing of Schumacher College (on the Estate). This was a group discussion with the founder of the College – Satish Kumar – about education and change, followed shortly after by a Deep Time Walk with Stephen Harding. This was a 4km walk across the Estate, where every step we took symbolised 1000 years of planetary history. Stefan – a scientist performer – has designed this walk to impart a feeling of wonder for geological time and to make the point that our human history spans scarcely a millimeter within that – yet our impact has become devastating.
These two powerful interventions could easily not have found a place in our agenda but they were offered and wisely we took them up – an example of coherence that can come from discovering what is present, when you do not really know. In the short feedback of the following day, several members of the group said they would continue to think about the challenge thrown down by Satish and Stephen ‘ what can Intersticia do to look after our world?’ . The full-on rain of the next day (part of the weather system which brought floods to the UK and German over the Monday and Tuesday) seemed designed to underline the point.
Next morning, before leaving, and still in full processing mode, I coined to myself the term ‘The Intersticia Effect’. It is difficult to pin down or fully account for the value of a retreat, often, and this one is no different. But connections and relationships are the supreme agency of change , and so taking really good people, setting them down in a safe container for mind, body and spirit, while giving them time to explore beyond the normal boundaries, is going to lead somewhere.
It would have been so easy to cancel this gathering – already delayed by a year – with Anni unable to travel, and so much doubt as to whether it could actually happen. I am absolutely grateful we went ahead. We have reconnected the community for another year, and we have been given a lot to think about for its future meaning. That is quite enough for now.
Jun 30, 2021 | Uncategorized
We have just beamed out our latest Brave Conversations event as a part of the 2021 ACM Web Science Conference which has the theme Globalisation, Inclusion and the Web in the Context of COVID.
This is our 16th Brave Conversations event, but the first we have deliberately crafted to be truly global in both it’s reach and it’s intention. We were joined by a group of people from around the world but particularly the Global South, many who have joined us before, and refreshingly some very welcome new faces and ideas.
The times of Covid
One topic that consistently emerges in all the conversations that I’ve been having is that of how different countries/regions/cities are dealing with the virus, with an example being the emergence of Vaccine Nationalism and Vaccine Envy – politics is never far away from a crisis. What we are seeing is an overt display of how cultural values manifest even within countries based on local agendae and geographies – a look at how Australia’s two largest cities have responded gives just one example of stark differences.
This Covid Pandemic has brought rich opportunities to learn, especially about how different jurisdictions interact with their citizens via online technologies, and how the influence of Social Media in spreading fear and fueling suspicion are having very real consequences on the management of public health. Here in Australia the appallingly mishandled rollout of Covid Vaccines accompanied by the power play between State and Federal Governments has led to the country squandering its initial advantage in handling the Virus which has resulted in a repetitive cycle of shutdowns leaving people confused and increasingly running out of trust.
Of all the elements one needs in a crisis Trust is at the top of the list and Governments around the world have sought to harness digital tools all in the name of “keeping the public safe”. We now take it for granted that we have to check in to cafes and restaurants via a Government approved App, that CCTV cameras will be used to spot fleeting interactions between people in shopping centres and travel of all kinds is being monitored.
The free world doesn’t seem quite so free any more and perhaps what Covid is beginning to teach us is that we should all become far more conscious and aware of the mindsets which we hold and how they help or hinder us as we all collectively begin to co-construct the post-Covid world.
These mindsets are at the core of how we are build our technologies but more importantly how they are being used.
The Web of the West meets the Web of the East
East is East, and West is West and never the twain shall meet. (Rudyard Kipling)
The West and East are meeting rather a lot these days, and increasingly so.
At our last Brave Conversations Bangalore our guest former Infosys Founder and CEO Kris Gopalakrishnan commented that
The most significant impact will be in Asia which has over 50% of the world’s population and is less developed economically so there will be big shifts in this area. This will result in a shift to more Eastern values based on harmony, peace, and a more multi-cultural heterogenous perspective.
Co-host of Brave Conversations Ibrahim El Badawi and I have been reflecting on this and the more we talk the more we keep referring to the work of Joseph Henrich and his concept of WEIRD – people who are Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich and Democratic. As someone brought up in a non-WEIRD culture but who has moved to live in a WEIRD one Ibrahim is a perfect commentator on what he sees as the contrasts drawing on Gert Hofstede’s 6D Model of Culture as one way of framing things.
We drew on this for our Global Brave Conversations and it proved to be rich territory for conversations which compared and contrasted different socio-technical challenges which are emerging. The inter-relationship between the Web and the World was thrown open and we were thrilled at how open, honest and vulnerable were how prepared everyone was to explore new opportunities and ways of seeing the world around them.
For me this provided a perfect introduction to the 2021 Web Science conference.
WebSci 2021
The 2021 Web Science Conference sought to do what Web Science does best: to reveal, interrogate and explore how the Web and Societies globally interact. Themes such as algorithmic bias, surveillance and The Future of Web were held, sometimes in dual languages such as Jennifer Zhu Scott’s keynote on Global Digital Infrastructure.
But the theme that I believe was most important is that which focuses on how Governments and systems of Governance are evolving as the Covid catalyst is speeding up the development of the Metaverse, that collective virtual shared space, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical reality and physically persistent virtual space, including the sum of all virtual worlds, augmented reality, and the Internet.
According to a number of sources (see Mary Meeker and World Internet) there are now over 50% of humans connected and whereas
the previous 50% of humanity has shaped the Metaverse of today, it is the next 50% of humanity that is shaping the Metaverse of tomorrow.
This is where the work of Professor Dame Wendy Hall and Dr Kieron O’Hara (see article) is coming in to its own as they describe the Metaverse of Governance which is evolving in to the Four Internets: Data, Geopolitics and the Governance of Cyberspace. (book coming out shortly). Having bombarded Wendy and Kieron with articles for the past few years it was a real treat to have the opportunity to explore these ideas in conversation during the Meet the Authors Panel last Wednesday as part of the Conference.
In his introduction to the Four Internets book Internet pioneer Vint Cerf comments that predicting the future is never easy but this is precisely the challenge that is at the heart of Web Science. Since its inception the Web Science community has sought to research the evolution of online spaces (merging with the physical to become the Metaverse) through the dual lenses of both technical and social disciplines in order to understand their development, and, yes, as much as possible, try to predict what might happen next. As we increasingly rely on these digitally mediated systems which are becoming the connective tissue with which we run our lives we need Web Science more than ever.
For those of us in the WEIRD world who are already connected our very survival depends on how we study, nurture, maintain and steward the Web and all it defines in to the 21st Century. Which means that we owe it to everyone else to ensure the systems we’re building are inclusive, fair and beneficial to all mankind.
My thanks to Ibrahim El Badawi and Leanne Fry as my consistent colleagues in this venture, and to all in the Web Science community who are doing this important work.
May 30, 2021 | Uncategorized
The Future is being written in lines of Code. (Kathryn ParsonsKathryn Parsons)
In a recent interview former UK Bank of England Governor Mark Carney stresses the need for diversity in all sectors of the economy. It is important not only because it provides opportunity to a greater number of people but, quite simply, because it makes economic sense. In addition, given that digital technologies are now underpinning virtually every aspect of everybody’s lives, there is a moral imperative to ensure that the decisions we allow our technologies to make are not framed through the lens of one dominant perspective. The technology sector is still overwhelmingly white and male (as two iconic female tech innovators,Dame Stephanie Shirley and Professor Dame Wendy Hall, recently discussed in this delightful conversation) and this needs to change as a matter of urgency.
Intersticia is driven by the mission of providing the support and resources for a Fellowship of individuals, who share the common vision of caring for our Worldand all who live in it. Over the past eight years we have carefully crafted a community of people who come from all walks of life and share this vision. A big partof this is in promoting public education, through activities such as Brave Conversations and our Digital Gymnasia, but it is through our partnership with Founders and Coders (FAC) that we have been able to support individuals to become better equipped to help lead humanity in the digital age by themselves becomingbetter technologists.
Founders and Coders is guided by its values of cooperation, inclusion and social impact. FAC began investing in Palestinian coders in 2017 by providingcurriculum, mentors and course facilitators through both Gaza Sky Geeks (GSG) and the Israeli Not for Profit Kav Mashve(now Web Ahead) which promotesequal employment opportunities for Arab university graduates within the Israeli business sector. Intersticia began supporting this work by funding the FAC’s Tech for Better Founders Programme which brought graduates from the London-based Code Academy together with graduates from the GSG Code Academy to work on Tech for Better projects.
Our original vision was to provide the opportunity for graduate coders to gain experience working on real, needs based client projects, whilst simultaneouslyencouraging and developing diversity in codingthrough focusing not only on the coding itself, but on entrepreneurship and community building.
We supported three cohorts (First Founders Cohort, Second Founders Cohort and Third Founders Cohort) and from this the Yalla Co-Operative emerged whichoperates from London, Berlin and Gaza and seeks to harness the power of technology to solve societal challenges, spread knowledge and transcend borders.
Yalla is unique in its cross-border ownership and deep social focus and it is the courage of its Founders that provides an ongoing opportunity to experiment withnew ways of growing a diversely based tech start-up whilst providing support for people in areas of conflict and instability.
We have now taken the next step with FAC and Yalla with the commencement of the Yalla Apprenticeship Programme which is designed to take this one stepfurther by combining a mix of practical experience with tailored learning for the Code Academy graduates whilst simultaneously supporting the growth of Yalla itself.
We began in January 2021 by engaging FAC Founder and Intersticia Fellow Kristina Jaggard as the Programme Co-Ordinator and complemented this by engaging Ahmed Elqattawi, whom I met when I visited Gaza in January 2019 and is also now an Intersticia Fellow, to work with us on the ground in Gaza (for more on thisand the objectives of the programme see this previous post).
The Apprenticeship opportunity was advertised through Gaza Sky Geeks to both current and recently graduated Coders, and we held an Information Session on2nd March which was followed up by a formal application process which attracted fourteen applications. From these eight Coders were selected and asked toprovide a short video telling us a little about themselves, and this was followed by a twenty-minute online interview. A short-list of our applicants then undertooka technical test with some pair-coding together with interviews with the core Yalla team. After much deliberation – because all of the candidates were impressiveand more than capable – Israa Ahmad Al-Jamal and Adham Haisami, were awarded the first Yalla Apprenticeships.
We had originally envisaged beginning the programme in early May 2021 but by 10th May the conflict between Israel and Palestine had escalated to the pointwhere this became untenable. Following on from the Ceasefire on 21st May, 2021 we determined that, if Israa and Adham were ready, we were keen to get themstarted as soon as possible in order to begin to rebuild their lives and gain some hope and confidence in a more positive future.
If you see a better world you are morally obligated to go and make it. (Genevieve Bell)
Much of the conflict that happens within humanity comes from a lack of understanding of other people and their cultures, a dominance of short term self-interest, and an unwillingness to compromise. Intersticia, Founders and Coders and Yalla are committed to working against all of these by deliberately crossingborders and tirelessly working towards creating a better shared future for us all.
We are thrilled to have Israa and Adham join our community and look forward to seeing how they grasp this opportunity and make it their own.
Israa Ahmad Al-Jamal
Israa Ahmad Al-Jamal is a graduate in Computer Engineering from the Islamic University in Gaza who then worked in Web Development and recently graduatedfrom Gaza Sky Geeks Code Academy as a Full Stack Developer. Israa comes to Yalla with an array of organisational skills (particularly juggling a young family,study and work) together with an interest in design and embroidery to complement her fascination with technology. Above all what stood our for us is Israa’sfocus on the importance of teamwork and co-operation. As she said in her interview video:
“Shared joy is double joy; shared sorrow is half sorrow.”
Adham Haisami
Adham Haisami studied Software Engineering and is passionate about learning and trying new things. He loves traveling for what it can teach us about differentcultures and ways of thinking and has an innate curiosity to view and consider things differently. What stood out for us is Adham’s sense of empathy and desire to help people, which he encapsulated with the phrase:
“We all are the same, we all are humans.”
